Here we investigate alternating injections of pure-phase supercritical CO2 with seawater, referred to as Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injections. Development of carbon storage in offshore basalt has the potential to circumvent these limitations due to the large reservoirs of both seawater and subseafloor basalt however, high offshore drilling costs require the development of strategies that maximize per-well CO2 storage capacity. Some constraints to scaling the current technology for climate-relevant impact arise from the water-intensive injection method and the limited availability of continental basalt formations. Mineralization of carbon in basaltic reservoirs has been demonstrated to be both rapid and effective during two field-scale pilot experiments. This method involves in-situ injections of carbon into basaltic formations, where carbon is sequestered in an aqueous phase through dissolution, and subsequently in mineral form through silicate chemical weathering and carbonate precipitation reactions. Carbon storage in basalt offers secure, long-term CO2 storage due to the potential for mineralization.
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